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Therigatha is an anthology of Theravada Buddhism, in a section known as the Khuddakanikaya (Minor Collection), one of five parts of the Sutta division of the Pali Canon. Therigatha's poems are some of the first poems by women in India; as a collection, Therigatha is the first anthology of women's literature in the world. It draws out that value by turning attention to the social contexts in which the poems were composed. It narrates the stories of evidence of the needs, aspirations, and achievements of some of the first Buddhist women. It was reworked and standardized quite significantly between the third century BCE when the last of the poems of the Therigatha were composed in the sixth century C.E. The moral acuity of the poems of Therigatha and their keen perception of social realities are key to appreciating Therigatha as expressions of early Indian Buddhist nuns life. We discern the distinctive moral acuity of Therigatha and its sense of social realities elsewhere. Therigatha is an explanation of the social sufferings of women in the third century BCE in India that befalls women and the poor. This research paper proposes to delve into the sufferings, sorrows, and sexual exploitation of women as well as women's societal role as women, mothers, and wives prior to the revelation of their enlightenment as described in Therigatha.