This paper takes Litang as an example to analyze the process of the establishment of the Tibetan social hierarchy, aiming to point out that the hierarchical structure of the Gelug theocracy is not the result of the reshaping of society by religious laws, but the product of integrating the social warrior power and establishing peace.
There are two systems of the state governing the Tibetan society since the late Ming and early Qing dynasties. One is the covenant system initiated by the alliance of Yanghua Temple. The alliance between Mongolia and Tibet not only realized the internal peace of Tibetan society, established the Ge-lug-pa regime, but also established the legal relationship between Tibet and the central government in the form of the covenant law. The other is the feudal system of Tusi reestablished by the Qing Dynasty, which is the result of the promotion of the emperor's peace in Kangnan.
In Litang's mountain god worship ritual, it can be seen that the core of the hierarchy was shaped by the covenant system and the feudalism of the Tusi. On the one hand, the Gelug monastery suppressed the war of the local warriors by introducing the military power of Mongolia, and on the other hand, the legislative movement of the Qing emperor in Tibetan society promoted the establishment of the monastery theocracy and the feudal hierarchy of the Tusi.
